The vocabulary to discuss society, the environment, technology, and culture
By now you have the grammar for serious discussion — arguments, connectors, nominalization. What you need is topic vocabulary: the nouns and phrases for big ideas. This lesson stocks four domains — lipunan (society), kalikasan (environment), teknolohiya (technology), and kultura (culture) — and shows how to weigh pros and cons about them.
| Tagalog | English |
|---|---|
| lipunan | society |
| pamahalaan | government |
| karapatan | rights |
| katarungan | justice |
| kahirapan | poverty |
| kaunlaran | progress / development |
Mahalaga ang karapatan ng bawat mamamayan sa isang makatarungang lipunan. — Every citizen's rights matter in a just society.
| Tagalog | English |
|---|---|
| kalikasan | nature / the environment |
| polusyon | pollution |
| basura | garbage / waste |
| pagbabago ng klima | climate change |
| pagkasira ng kalikasan | environmental destruction |
| pangangalaga | conservation / care |
Ang pagbabago ng klima ay bunga ng polusyon at pagkasira ng kalikasan. — Climate change is a result of pollution and environmental destruction.
| Tagalog | English |
|---|---|
| teknolohiya | technology |
| kompyuter | computer |
| social media | social media (Taglish) |
| katalinuhang artipisyal | artificial intelligence |
| impormasyon | information |
| pagkakakonekta | connectivity |
| Tagalog | English |
|---|---|
| kultura | culture |
| tradisyon | tradition |
| pamana | heritage / inheritance |
| sining | art |
| pagkakakilanlan | identity |
| wika | language |
Ang wika ay mahalagang bahagi ng ating pagkakakilanlan at pamana. — Language is an important part of our identity and heritage.
Abstract discussion means balancing sides. A few reusable frames (recycling Lessons 14, 17, 19):
| Frame | Meaning |
|---|---|
| May kalamangan at kahinaan… | There are advantages and disadvantages… |
| Isa sa pinakamalaking hamon… | One of the biggest challenges… |
| Sa isang banda… sa kabilang banda… | On one hand… on the other hand… |
| Nakabubuti / nakasasama sa… | It benefits / harms… |
"Ang social media ay may kalamangan at kahinaan. Sa isang banda, pinabibilis nito ang pagkakakonekta; sa kabilang banda, nagkakalat din ito ng maling impormasyon."
Answer society, environment, technology, or culture:
Provide the Tagalog word:
Give the root inside the abstract noun:
Fill in the phrase for the meaning:
Answer benefit or harm:
You now carry vocabulary for the four great discussion domains — lipunan, kalikasan, teknolohiya, kultura — plus frames to weigh kalamangan at kahinaan. Combined with your argument moves (Lesson 19) and connectors (Lesson 17), you can hold a real conversation about ideas. One lesson remains — the capstone: fluency & discourse, where everything becomes natural, flowing speech.